The Mecca Pact and the Emerging Regional Security Order

In this paper, we discuss:

• Why the Mecca Pact signals a shift toward a more regionally driven Middle Eastern security architecture;
• How Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan are seeking greater strategic autonomy while maintaining existing alliances;
• Why the pact’s Article 5-style commitment strengthens deterrence but falls short of NATO-style collective defence;
• How differing relations with Iran and national security priorities could limit the pact’s effectiveness;
• Why future expansion and deeper military cooperation could determine whether the pact becomes a credible regional security framework.

Download PDF: Mecca Pact – August 2026