In this paper, we discuss:

  • Kraken’s access to a Fed master account, marking deeper integration between crypto and central bank systems;
  • The emergence of “synthetic CBDCs” through stablecoins backed by central bank reserves;
  • A cautious regulatory approach, with strict limits on non-bank access to central bank infrastructure;
  • Diverging US and UK frameworks for stablecoin regulation and central bank interaction;
  • The potential transformation of payments, increasing competition and integration between banks and fintech.

Download PDF: Kraken – March 2026

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