The Euro’s Eastern Frontier

In this paper, we discuss:

• How Eastern Europe has become the new frontier of eurozone enlargement and European monetary integration;
• Why geopolitics is playing an increasingly important role in EU enlargement and euro adoption;
• How Montenegro and Kosovo challenge the traditional sequence of joining the euro before EU membership;
• Why Hungary is reconsidering euro adoption as part of a broader shift back toward European integration;
• How the euro’s eastward expansion reflects Europe’s changing political, economic, and strategic landscape.

Download PDF: Euro’s Eastern Frontier – June 2026