Turkey and Azerbaijan’s Strained Alliance

In this paper, we discuss:

• Why Turkey and Azerbaijan’s longstanding alliance is facing growing tensions;
• How disputes over Israel, religion and sovereignty are straining bilateral relations;
• Why Turkey’s rapprochement with Armenia concerns Azerbaijan;
• How Russia could benefit from divisions between Ankara and Baku;
• Why tensions threaten the Middle Corridor and regional connectivity.

Download PDF: Turkey and Azerbaijan – November 2026