Small Modular Reactors: Nuclear Powered Revival or Rivalry?

by Azaria Kidane

In this paper, we discuss:

• The UK’s decision to build its first Small Modular Reactor (SMR) at Wylfa, aiming to revive domestic nuclear capability.
• SMRs’ role in closing the UK’s 2030s energy gap and supporting net-zero goals.
• The geopolitical fallout, particularly U.S. frustration after Westinghouse was passed over.
• The UK’s attempt to reduce reliance on foreign nuclear partners while still depending heavily on U.S. support for defence infrastructure.
• Major uncertainties around SMR costs, waste management, and regulatory bottlenecks.
• Wylfa as a high-stakes test that could either restore industrial capacity or repeat decades of nuclear delays and dependence.

Download PDF: Nuclear Power December 2025