Territorial Integrity at Risk: Israel and Russia’s Strikes

by Marina Tovar I Velasco

In this paper, we discuss:

• The eroding Westphalian principles of the modern international order;
• How the UN concluded that the war in Gaza has resulted in a genocide; 
• How Israel’s strikes may regionalize the War and escalate tensions;
• Russia’s airspace violations and NATO’s article 4 (lack of) responses; and 
• The possibility of a escalation by misstep.

Download PDF: Territorial Integrity September 2025