Mandate of Multipolarity: The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and India’s Calculus

by Romain Le Dily

In this paper, we discuss:

• The meeting of the SCO in Tianjin in early September;
• The decisions made at the meetings, with the several protocols approved; 
• The calculus India’s PM Modi has made regarding his participation at the meeting;
• The future relationships of India with China, Russia and the US;
• The anti-US alliance that China is building as part of Cold War 2. 

Download PDF: SCO September 2025