In this paper, we discuss:

  • Why India’s Gen Z protests extend beyond the recent exam scandal;
  • How youth unemployment, education costs and limited social mobility are driving discontent;
  • How the movement has challenged Modi’s personal authority and forced a rare government concession;
  • Why its electoral impact will depend on whether opposition parties can translate youth mobilisation into political support.

Download PDF: Modi’s “Cockroach” Moment – September 2026

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