China’s 15th Five-Year Plan: A New Phase of Modernization Seventy Years in the Making

In this paper, we discuss:

• The 15th Five-Year Plan’s shift toward resilience, innovation, and technological sovereignty;
• Industrial policy and advanced manufacturing at the core of high-quality development;
• Domestic rebalancing via dual circulation and a unified national market;
• A state-led model with SOEs driving strategic sectors and R&D;
• A more selective BRI and gradual RMB internationalization within a dollar-centric system.

Download PDF: China 15th Plan – February 2026